The basic workflow at Gateway side is inspecting all HTTP port 80 traffic (with iptables or others), If the URL is about internet detection, reply a 301 redirect to the captive portal URL.
But the URL is too complex among different vendor:
Logic Density (may be inaccurate, also it's not the only metric for performance ): Raipidus 2nm ≈ TSMC N2 > TSMC N3B > TSMC N3E/P > Intel 18A ≈ Samaung 3GAP
But 18A/20A already has PowerVia, while TSMC will implement Backside Power Delivery in A16 (next generation of N2)
18a supposedly has some advantages in power efficiency and some other areas compared to TSMCs approach. Ultimately, TSMC doesn’t have a 2nm product yet, so it is a pretty big deal Intel is competitive again with TSMC latest. Samsung is incredibly far behind at this point.
TSMC is not trailing. They’re so far ahead that Intel’s 18A is equal to their N5 family in density.
Therefore, N2 is 2 generations ahead of 18A by definition.
Therefore power advantage you’re referring to is backside power delivery. This is a need long term but it doesn’t bring as much power benefits as you think. TSMC’s customers don’t appear to demand this feature as highly since it’s been getting pushed back to 16A. The design change for designers don’t seem worth it yet.
By measure of density, but by performance to watt 18a is likely superior to n3. So I don’t think it is fair to say they are cleanly 2 generations ahead, more like 1 or 1.5 ahead now. Yes, n2 / n3 are overall more mature and well rounded processes at this point in time. But this is a big step for Intel and if they can prove 18a they could start bleeding. Bit of market share from TSMC.
“many people” are mostly stupid (go to your local dmv to see “many people”) so that it irrelevant. sales are through the roof, profits same, cash on hand to buy many countries, life is good…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Traffic_Controller_(series...